Satellite

Satellite networking uses orbiting satellites to provide wireless connectivity to locations where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable or impractical, such as remote areas, ships, and aircraft. Traditional geostationary (GEO) satellites orbit at approximately 36,000 km altitude, introducing significant latency (around 600ms round trip) that makes them unsuitable for real-time applications. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks like Starlink orbit at 550–1,200 km, reducing latency to 20–60ms and offering speeds comparable to broadband Internet, making them increasingly viable as a primary or backup connectivity option for remote sites and as a redundant WAN link in enterprise network designs.