Attributes Accessors

Attributes accessors provide a convenient way to access and modify the instance variables of a class. They automatically generate methods for reading (getting) and writing (setting) the values of these variables. The three main types are attr_reader, which creates a getter method; attr_writer, which creates a setter method; and attr_accessor, which makes both a getter and a setter method. These accessors simplify code and encapsulate the internal state of objects.